Author: Abdolreza Shahrabi Farahani
The Owner of the Philosophy and Theory of Principles of Mechanic Time
The Owner of the Philosophy of Subjective Physics Sciences
Seyed Vahab Mirsalehi
Professor of the Oriental Sciences and Philosophy
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Preface by the Author, Professor Farahani:
Oriental Sciences and Philosophy encompass many philosophical and scientific schools and approaches that have emerged in various regions of Asia and the Middle East. These schools include Chinese, Indian, Iranian, and Japanese philosophy. Oriental Philosophy and science focus on nature and the natural world, reflecting on how the world and nature work. Many of these philosophies and sciences believe that the world can only be understood directly and solely through experience and observation, and that science and philosophy should be based on these experiences and observations. One of the most important philosophical and scientific schools of the East is Chinese philosophy, which is known as one of the oldest and most influential philosophical schools of the East.
Chinese philosophy focuses on contemplation of the foundations and bases of existence and nature, and seeks to find a complete and comprehensive philosophical system to explain and interpret the world and reality. This school includes concepts such as the theories of yin and yang, human nature, ethics, and political philosophy. Indian philosophy is another philosophical and scientific school of the East that has emerged based on Hinduism and Buddhism. This philosophy seeks to answer questions such as the existence, stability and change in the world and nature, and ways to solve human problems and suffering. Iranian philosophy is also one of the philosophical and scientific schools of the East that has emerged based on Zoroastrian, Mazdak, and Sufi traditions. This philosophy focuses on concepts such as the unity of existence, creation, anthropology, ethics, and political philosophy.
Japanese philosophy is another philosophical and scientific school of the East that has emerged based on Shinto and Buddhism traditions. This philosophy seeks to answer questions such as the existence, stability and change in the world and nature, and ways to solve human problems and suffering. Oriental and Western philosophy have many differences, which are due to different cultural, historical, and religious foundations on which each of these philosophies is based. Generally speaking, Western philosophy is more focused on justifying and interpreting the physical world and the visible universe, while Oriental Philosophy is more focused on justifying and interpreting the inner and spiritual world.
In Western philosophy, concepts such as logic, reason, knowledge and truth are more focused on analyzing and interpreting the visible world, while in Oriental Philosophy, concepts such as spirituality, contemplation, inner experience, philosophical reflections, and religious teachings are more focused on justifying and interpreting the inner and spiritual world. Furthermore, Oriental Philosophy is more based on personal experience and observation, as well as individual reflections, while Western philosophy is more based on logic, argumentation, and reasoning. In addition, Oriental Philosophy tends to emphasize balance, harmony, and unity between the spiritual world and the physical world, while Western philosophy tends to emphasize differentiation and differences between different beings and concepts. The differences between Eastern and Western philosophy show that each of these philosophies seeks to justify and interpret a different world and has emerged as a response to various challenges and questions about reality and nature.
Indeed, Oriental and Western philosophy differ significantly in ethical and philosophical issues. In this regard, the differences between these two philosophies are quite noticeable. One of the prominent differences in Oriental and Western ethical philosophy is that Oriental Philosophy emphasizes more on conscience and indigenous ethics, while Western philosophy is more focused on justifying ethics based on logical reasoning and general principles. For example, in Oriental Philosophy, ethics is based on concepts such as karma, dharma, essence, shanti, and inner contemplation, while in Western philosophy, ethics is more based on concepts such as justice, benevolence, rights, and ethical education. Furthermore, Oriental Philosophy tends to emphasize unity and coordination between the spiritual world and the physical world, while Western philosophy tends to emphasize differentiation and differences between different beings and concepts. In Oriental Philosophy, ethics and political philosophy are based on the unity of the world and the relationship between humans and the natural world, while in Western philosophy, ethics and political philosophy are more based on the differences and distinctions between individuals and different societies.
Oriental Philosophy tends to focus more on inner contemplation, philosophical reflections, and religious teachings, while Western philosophy tends to focus more on logic, argumentation, and reasoning. The differences between Oriental and Western philosophy in ethical and philosophical issues demonstrate that each of these philosophies seeks to justify and interpret a different world and has emerged as a response to various challenges and questions about reality and nature. Indeed, the differences between Oriental and Western philosophy in ethical and philosophical issues demonstrate that each of these philosophies seeks to justify and interpret a different world and has emerged as a response to various challenges and questions about reality and nature. The concept of time and space is also approached differently in Oriental and Western philosophy. In Western philosophy, time and space are considered as independent and absolute concepts.
In other words, time and space exist abstractly and independently of what happens in them. In this philosophy, time is considered as the continuity of events on a timeline, and space is considered as a physical dimension where physical entities exist. In Oriental Philosophy, such as in Buddhist philosophy, time and space are considered as relative and dependent on individual existence and experience. In other words, time and space are considered as relative and variable concepts that are shaped by individual experience and awareness. In Oriental Philosophy, time is considered as a mental and experiential continuity that is perceived by the individual, and space is considered as a personal experience that affects the formation of physical entities. The differences between Oriental and Western philosophy in the concept of time and space demonstrate that each of these philosophies seeks to justify and interpret a different world and has emerged as a response to various challenges and questions about reality and nature. Oriental and Western philosophy are seeking to justify and interpret different worlds based on their unique cultural, historical, religious, and philosophical foundations.
Western philosophy tends to focus more on justifying and interpreting the physical and external world, while Eastern philosophy tends to focus more on justifying and interpreting the internal and spiritual world. Western philosophy uses concepts such as logic, science, and sensory experience to justify and interpret the physical and external world, while Oriental Philosophy uses concepts such as contemplation, inner and mental experience, and religious teachings to justify and interpret the internal and spiritual world.
Furthermore, in Western philosophy, concepts such as postmodernism, relativism, and communication theory are used to justify and interpret a world in which concepts and values are dependent on culture and language. In contrast, in Oriental Philosophy, concepts such as unity and universality are used to justify and interpret a world in which everything is related to everything else. In terms of ethics and values, Oriental and Western philosophy also differ significantly. One prominent difference in ethical philosophy between Eastern and Western philosophy is that Oriental Philosophy emphasizes more on conscience-based ethics and local ethics, while Western philosophy is more focused on justifying ethical principles based on logical reasoning and general principles. Oriental and Western philosophy seek to justify and interpret different worlds, and each of these philosophies is unique in responding to various challenges and questions about reality and nature based on its cultural, historical, religious, and philosophical foundations. In Oriental Philosophy, ethics are based on concepts such as Karma, dharma, nature, shanti, and inner reflection, while in Western philosophy, ethics are mostly based on concepts such as human rights, social obligations, and general principles. Another difference between Oriental and Western ethical philosophy is in regards to values. In Western philosophy, values are mostly shaped by religious teachings and communal life, while in Oriental Philosophy, values are more focused on personal experience and inner reflection. For instance, in Eastern philosophy, values such as simplicity, humility, resilience, and practices such as Yoga and meditation are emphasized to attain personal peace and happiness.
The differences between Oriental and Western ethical philosophy regarding ethics and values indicate that each of these philosophies seeks to respond to different challenges and questions about ethics and values, based on their unique cultural, historical, religious, and philosophical experiences.
I hope you have reached a general understanding of, “Oriental Sciences and Philosophy” and that questions have been posed to you and you have also sought their answers. There is no superiority of Oriental Sciences and Philosophy over the West, as their way of thinking has a different path than proving opinions. Oriental Sciences and Philosophy mainly address human internal subjects and still stand on their own theories and maintain their authenticity, but they also have a view of the modern world and have been striving for equality and balance with the West for many years. On the other hand, the West also has a clever look at Oriental Sciences and Philosophy while moving forward in various issues, and personally, I admire the efforts of both East and West.
This is the way of thinking. It does not recognize prejudice. It is a way of thinking beyond personal interests. Thinking has identified the fundamental basis of humans and continues its path with momentum regardless of whether we call it Eastern or Western. It is thinking that has led us to the fundamental question of where we come from. In the East, they have been and are using methods to seek answers to this question. In the West, they have been and are using different methods to seek answers to this question. When we put these two subjects together, we will realize that science and philosophy can be beautiful and pleasant to us and give us a better perspective. Both “East and West” have had and still have their own mistakes, and this is the result of thinking that apparently the world’s existence tests us at all times. When I said that a teacher is not just one person, but everything can be a teacher, this is what I meant.
From the universe to the depths of an atom, the seas and oceans, the air, water, soil, fire, forests, and all that we know, and all the things we have not reached or do not have a suitable answer for, have been and will be our teacher. A journey deep in the thought of the East: Mother Nature gives us life energy every moment. The spiritual and mystical dimensions of human beings have always been fascinating and mysterious throughout their lives, and this fascination exists in all individuals with different inclinations and worldviews, and has never lost its freshness. With the crystallization of technology in life and the increase in occupations, the distance of human beings from this dimension has increased, but it has never been forgotten to the extent that even the curious human has used this tool to discover and experience more in self-awareness, and perhaps we can mention the making of science fiction movies as an example. Where did these apparently imaginary films and stories come from and what was their origin or purpose?
The greatest characteristic of the world of the mind is its unknown nature. Many stories and narratives have been told about the world, and ancient paintings and other works of art have also made references to it that have been left from ancient times, but the lack of scientific experience has made it unattainable in a way. With the help of technology, humans have taken a step on the moon and sent a probe to Mars and beyond, and have been able to penetrate the depths of space with the Hubble Telescope and the recently launched James Webb Telescope, but still remain unable to see and travel within themselves and fully examine a planet called Earth, whose unfinished secrets lie within. The human body is the most unknown thing in science, and even the Earth itself, which has hidden unfinished secrets within it. It goes without saying that scientific familiarity with this vast world is a special and strategic step towards ultimate self-awareness. Why do some people respond to treatment while others don’t? Our illnesses are manifestations of internal and external events in our bodies. However, people’s general understanding of various diseases and pains is not desirable, so as soon as they get sick, they try to end the pain and illness in any way possible. This rush can be so great that the disease is practically suppressed, and it is obvious that rapid suppression of the disease will pave the way for the onset of another disease if the underlying cause is not investigated.
With a logical mind, people see their findings differently every moment, and nothing is as we have thought before, but the principle of uncertainty (Heisenberg) easily makes a mockery of any physical nature and their relationships: This incident was not particularly desirable or pleasant for scientists at the beginning, although the scientific community was forced to accept it, and after some new relationships in the world based on new findings emerged, which justified many issues. Our modern knowledge has made us more familiar with the mysterious world of the mind, which is, of course, an ancient knowledge, and attempts have been made to scientifically address the real concept of the mind and its function. A world on which the foundation of existence and life is built. The emergence of modern physics has created a great revolutionary movement in the field of physics and subsequently in the minds of scientists. However, today’s knowledge is only capable of understanding a small part of this new and mysterious world in this infinite sea. No intelligent machines or devices have yet been created that can feel and perceive the taste and flavor of food, like a human being does. As a result, no matter how much we sail in the sea of endless knowledge, we will not see a shore and we will have to find another way to cross this endless sea.
That is what physics has reached, the knowledge of energy and its effects on human life and the earth, and metaphysics is a great step in exploring and influencing the most important indicators of change and evolution in a human being, and it connects us inevitably with ancient sciences. Sciences that have been passed down to us from the masters of the East. If we place a human being, a tree, and a bird in a set, they are all alive and sentient, and likewise, if we place a clock, an airplane, and a pencil in a set, they are all lifeless and devoid of consciousness. What exists in living organisms and sentient beings, and what is absent in lifeless and unconscious objects, is called vital energy. The concept of awareness or perception refers to having the power of thinking and accurate recognition of details and various facts. Doubt always exists in our thoughts, which is why those who have less thinking dominating their lives are more steadfast, while those who think excessively may lack willpower. Both have their own dangers. Those who do not think live their lives by doing whatever they decide without any cognitive process creating doubts in them. Short-sighted and biased people in the world are very active and energetic, and nothing is doubtful to them.
They never think! If they feel that killing a thousand people will lead to paradise, they will only feel calm after killing a thousand people, not before. They never stop thinking about what they do, so there is no hesitation or doubt in them. Conversely, a person who thinks always thinks instead of making decisions and conclusions. If we close the doors of our existence because of the fear of thoughts, only blind faith remains, which is very dangerous. What is needed is a wise opinion and clear and stable thoughts, and what allows us to make conclusions is exactly the concept of clarity, transparency, and awareness.
Awareness means completing the power of thinking, which means that we have gone through such details of thoughts that all doubts have become clear. Now only pure willpower remains. Our planet Earth is an ancient and grand school. It is as ancient as creation itself and as grand as the entire universe. We all have a duty in this school, and in fact, the entire material world that is known as the physical realm is like this. However, we have come to this school to learn something beyond eating, drinking, studying, writing, and fighting. We are all in search of a way back to the home of life, and with the help of sciences, philosophy, physics, metaphysics, mathematics, chemistry, astronomy, cosmology, geology, biology, and so on, we can make this path smoother.
If all of these sciences lead to deep thinking about where we come from, why we come here, and where we are going, or the devastating question of “why”, then they have shifted human life and evolution and have become a border between imagination and reality, and we have been able to find answers to our questions. We have had countless teachers in this school. From the atom’s nucleus, which is as small as a golf ball, to its explosion 13.8 billion years ago and the emergence of cosmic life until today, on this beautiful blue planet amidst a great multitude of stars, planets, and galaxies.
Oriental Sciences: Oriental sciences refer to the study of various scientific disciplines originating from the Eastern or Oriental regions of the world. These sciences encompass a wide range of fields, including but not limited to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, geography, and engineering. Oriental sciences have a long and rich history, with significant contributions from ancient civilizations such as those in China, India, Persia (modern-day Iran), and the Arab world. In ancient times, Oriental sciences flourished in these regions, often advancing knowledge and understanding in various fields ahead of their Western counterparts. For example, ancient Chinese scholars made significant contributions to mathematics, including the development of algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Indian mathematicians pioneered concepts such as zero, decimal system, and the concept of infinity. Ancient Persian scientists contributed to advancements in areas such as astronomy, medicine, and chemistry. Today, Oriental sciences continue to be studied and researched, both in their historical context and through modern advancements. Scholars and researchers explore the ancient texts and knowledge systems while also incorporating contemporary scientific methods and technologies.
Oriental Philosophy: Oriental philosophy refers to the philosophical traditions and systems of thought that originated in the Eastern or Oriental regions of the world. These philosophical traditions encompass a diverse range of schools and perspectives, including Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and various forms of Islamic philosophy. Oriental philosophy often focuses on questions of human existence, the nature of reality, ethics, morality, and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment. These philosophical systems offer unique perspectives on the nature of the self, the purpose of life, and the relationship between individuals and the cosmos. Some notable examples of Oriental philosophy include Confucian teachings on social harmony and ethical conduct, Taoist principles of living in harmony with the natural world and embracing the concept of Wu Wei (effortless action), Buddhist teachings on suffering and the path to liberation through enlightenment, and Hindu philosophical systems exploring concepts such as karma, rebirth, and the pursuit of moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death). Oriental philosophy has had a profound impact on various aspects of Eastern cultures, including art, literature, governance, and daily life. It continues to be studied and practiced by individuals interested in exploring different philosophical perspectives and seeking spiritual growth and self-realization.