The Philosophy of Iran
As one of the oldest philosophical traditions in the world, Iranian philosophy has a rich and extensive history. It is divided into two main periods: ancient and Islamic. The ancient period of Iranian philosophy, which emerged in Iran and surrounding regions from approximately the 7th century BC to the 7th century CE, consists of two main groups of philosophies: Zoroastrianism and pre-Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrian philosophy, which emerged based on the religious teachings of ancient Iran, had ideas about God, souls, the afterlife, good and evil, and society. Pre-Zoroastrian philosophies had ideas about the heavens, the earth, nature, and humans, and they are considered the first Iranian philosophers.
The Islamic period of Iranian philosophy began in the 7th century CE and continued until the early 20th century. It consists of two main categories of philosophy: classical and contemporary. Classical Iranian philosophy, influenced by Greek and Islamic philosophy, had ideas about God, science, humans, society, spirituality, and artistic works. Contemporary Iranian philosophy, influenced by Western philosophy, had ideas about issues such as democracy, freedom, social and political developments, and cultural contradictions. In summary, Iranian philosophy has a rich and illustrious history of diverse thinkers and ideas that have had a significant impact on the cultural, social, and political developments of Iran and the world. Zoroaster, the founder of Zoroastrianism, was born in Iran about a thousand years ago. There is some debate about his biography, but according to credible sources such as the Zoroastrian holy book, the Avesta, after years of meditation and contemplation, he had a divine revelation at the age of 30 in the mountains of Azerbaijan. Following this experience, he was recognized as a prophet to spread the worship of the one God and teach a specific set of ethical and religious practices for humans.
One of the fundamental principles of Zoroastrianism is belief in the one and just God. Zoroaster believed that there is a God who has created everything and takes care of them as necessary. He was a pioneer in the worship of a God that required high ethics and good deeds to attain a better connection with him. The Avesta, Zoroaster’s primary source of Zoroastrianism, is known as the holy book of Zoroastrians. It is divided into different sections, such as prayers, hymns, laws, and worship. He also published his messages through more than 500 speeches and lectures. In Persian literature, Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh can be regarded as a work related to Zoroastrianism. This book narrates the history of Iran and mythical stories, and some of its characters, such as Rostam and Siavash, are considered heroes of Zoroastrianism. Zoroaster is recognized as one of the great founders of world religions, and the thoughts and laws expressed in his works have had a significant impact on religions, cultures, and human thoughts. The Avesta is the holy book of Zoroastrians, in which the main teachings and beliefs of this religion are recorded in a poetic and worshipful form. This book is divided into two main parts: Gathas and Dats.
The Gathas are a part of the Avesta, which includes 17 hymns and is considered a part of the Avesta. These hymns are written in a poetic form and contain beliefs, prayers, descriptions of events, and religious laws. The Dats are the religious and ethical guidelines in the Avesta. This section includes a series of laws, descriptions of religious festivals, and ethics necessary for human spiritual and moral life. Zoroaster was the prophet and founder of Zoroastrianism. He lived about 3500 years ago in the Iranian-speaking region and is recognized as one of the greatest astrologers and philosophers of his time. He grew up in a family with religious beliefs and due to the corruption and injustice in society, he decided to reform his social and religious situation. As a result, he deviated from the beliefs prevalent at his time, especially belief in idolatry and witchcraft, and established Zoroastrianism through his teachings. As a prophet of Zoroastrianism, Zoroaster taught people ethics and morality, among which were ethics, purity, belief in the one God, spirituality, responsibility, life after death, and the importance of water. He was also interested in studying planets, stars, and astrology. Throughout his life, Zoroaster fought against his opponents, especially people who believed in idolatry and witchcraft. Eventually, after years of preaching, he was able to spread his religion as one of the greatest religions in human history, first in the Iranian region and then throughout the world. By presenting teachings and ethics for people, Zoroaster established Zoroastrianism and had a significant impact on human culture, ethics, and history. After years of preaching, he was able to spread his religion as one of the greatest religions in human history, first in the Iranian region and then throughout the world. Zoroaster, as the founder of Zoroastrianism, had a significant impact on Iranian culture.
Some of these impacts include:
1. Influence on Iranian ethics and behavior: The teachings and ethics that Zoroaster promoted in his religion had a profound impact on Iranian ethics and behavior. These teachings included ethics, purity, responsibility, belief in the one God, spirituality, life after death, and the importance of water.
2. Influence on literature and poetry: Zoroaster is recognized as one of the greatest poets of his time and created poetry and literature that still exists in Iranian culture today.
3. Creation of influences in architecture and art: Some of the architectural and artistic works created under the influence of Zoroastrianism include fire temples, relief works, parks and gardens, mirror work, and more.
4. Connection with nature: Zoroaster is known as one of the first people to study and investigate planets, stars, and astrology. This perspective on nature and the world had a significant impact on Iranian culture and art.
5. Influence on religious customs and ceremonies: Religious customs and ceremonies in Zoroastrianism were shaped according to the teachings and ethics promoted by Zoroaster, and they still exist in Iranian culture today.
Overall, Zoroaster had a significant impact on Iranian culture and art by establishing Zoroastrianism and promoting his teachings and ethics, and he is remembered as one of the great figures in Iranian history in the minds of the people of this land. The Avesta was written in the Avestan language, which was similar to Persian. This book is recognized as the primary source of the Zoroastrian religion and is very important for Zoroastrians to worship and learn from. In addition, the Avesta is a valuable source for researchers and scholars, which can help them better understand the Zoroastrian religion and culture.
In the Avesta, Zoroaster, as the prophet and founder of the Zoroastrian religion, addressed various topics, some of which include:
1. Belief in the One God and the concept of good and evil: In the Zoroastrian religion, the One God is recognized as the creator of existence and the founder of laws of justice. This God is always in conflict with the forces of evil and darkness as a force of good and justice.
2. Spirituality and Kingship: In Zoroastrianism, spirituality and kingship are combined. The king is responsible for enforcing religious laws and is subject to the power of God. Spirituality is also responsible for providing guidance and religious teachings to the people.
3. Afterlife: In the Zoroastrian religion, there is a belief in the afterlife. Zoroaster believed that the human soul goes to a place called Chinvat Bridge after death, where it must account for its deeds.
4. Cleanliness and hygiene: Cleanliness and hygiene are very important in Zoroastrianism. This religion is truly a pure religion that recommends careful examination of every food and drink before consumption and the preservation of personal and social hygiene.
5. Ethics and responsibility: Ethics and responsibility are very important in Zoroastrianism. This religion recommends doing good and righteous deeds and emphasizes that every individual should be responsible in society.
6. Worship: In Zoroastrianism, worship is conducted through fire. Fire is recognized as a symbol of God and justice and is known as the center of worship, and all worship should be done with cleanliness and high ethics.
As one of the earliest unique religions in human history, Zoroastrianism has had a significant impact on religions, cultures, and human thought.
In addition to the topics mentioned above, there are other aspects related to Zoroastrianism:
1. Belief in ablution rituals: Ablution is recognized as one of the important customs in Zoroastrianism. In this ritual, pure water is used to wash the face and hands, and ceremonies are performed.
2. Belief in Ahriman: Ahriman is known as the force of evil and darkness in Zoroastrianism. This force is in conflict with the force of God and goodness, and discussions and investigations related to Ahriman are also discussed in many Zoroastrian religious ceremonies.
3. Belief in angels: In Zoroastrianism, angels are recognized as divine forces and guardians of the world. In addition, the function of angels in maintaining balance in the world and preserving goodness and blessing is well-known in this religion.
4. Astronomy: In Zoroastrianism, astronomy is recognized as the most important scientific branch. Zoroaster is known as the first astronomer in history, who studied and investigated planets and stars.
5. Religious holidays: In Zoroastrianism, there are religious holidays and various ceremonies, including Nowruz, Mehregan, Sadeh, and fire rituals, among others.
Zoroastrianism is a religion with a significant influence on human culture, ethics, and history. In general, this religion focuses on issues such as ethics, cleanliness, responsibility, belief in one God, life after death, and more, which still have room for discussion and research by people and scholars. During ablution rituals, individuals refrain from eating and drinking during the day and only consume food and water after sunset. These fasting days are done for spiritual and physical purification and are recognized as an opportunity to strengthen willpower and self-control.
In Zoroastrianism, ablution rituals or fasting days are recognized as one of the six holy days. These fasting days include passing days (temporary fasting) and lasting days (feast fasting). Ablution rituals in Zoroastrianism are recognized as one of the holy fasting days and are also performed on some occasions such as Nowruz and other celebrations. Also, in some religious ceremonies, ablution rituals are also held. In Zoroastrianism, Ahriman is recognized as a symbol of evil and Satan. Ahriman is considered in this religion as a creature of darkness and opposition to God and goodness. Zoroastrians believe that Ahriman was initially an angel of God, but due to his self-centeredness and arrogance, he became a devil and has been able to lead others into sin and evil. In this religion, Ahriman is recognized as one of the main enemies of God and Zoroastrianism, and in some religious texts, he is described as “the one who does the worst deeds.”
As followers of the religion of the good God, Zoroastrians go to war with Ahriman and try to defeat him by following the religious teachings and doing good deeds. Additionally, Ahriman is recognized in this religion as a symbol of darkness and despair, and Zoroastrians try to illuminate the world and destroy evil and darkness by establishing a connection with God and doing good deeds. In Zoroastrianism, angels are recognized as symbols of goodness and divine forces. Zoroastrians believe that God, the creator of the world, is infinite energy and light, and by sending angels to the world, He communicates with humans. Angels are recognized in this religion as intermediaries between God and humans, and their mission is to help humans achieve happiness and peace. Angels in Zoroastrianism are recognized as pure and holy creatures who avoid any sin and evil and have reached a very high position in the divine hierarchy. In this religion, seven great angels are known by the names of Asha Vahishta, Vohu Manah, Spenta Armaiti, Ahura Mazda, Ameretat, Haurvatat, and Khurshed and Mah. Each of these angels has a specific mission. In addition to these, there are other angels in Zoroastrianism who help humans in carrying out divine missions. Belief in angels is recognized as one of the important religious principles and is seen as a symbol of goodness and light in the world. Zoroastrians believe that with perseverance, self-centeredness, and adherence to religious teachings, angels help humans achieve happiness and satisfaction.
Astronomy is recognized in Zoroastrianism as one of the most important religious sciences. In this religion, the sky and stars are very important as symbols of the creator of the world and divine laws and are recognized as one of the divine creatures. Zoroastrians believe that God, the creator of the world, is present everywhere in nature and the sky, and observing and studying the sky is one of the ways to get closer to the creator of the world. In this religion, the sky is known as the land of angels and divine creatures and is considered a place to accept pure and holy souls. In this religion, stars are recognized as symbols of divine laws and order in the world, and Zoroastrians, as followers of the religion, understand and try to obey divine laws by studying and examining the stars and their movements. Additionally, stars in this religion are seen as symbols of goodness and light in the world, and followers of the religion strive to follow their paths. In this religion, some stars are recognized as symbols of God and angels. For example, the angular star is recognized as a symbol of God, and the seven stars are recognized as symbols of the seven great angels. In Zoroastrianism, the sky and stars are seen as symbols of the creator of the world and the light and goodness in the world. Followers of the religion try to follow religious teachings and divine laws by studying and examining the stars and the sky to get closer to the creator of the world. In Zoroastrianism, religious days are very important and are recognized as opportunities for worship and spiritual and physical purification. In this religion, there are six sacred days and many religious festivals and ceremonies that are held throughout the year.
The six sacred days include transient days (passing days) and lasting days (festive days). Transient days are held for three days in each month known as Ha, Va, and Mantra, respectively. On these days, followers of the religion purify themselves by washing their hands, taking a bath, and wearing clean clothes, and abstain from doing bad deeds and sins. They also worship God and angels and study religious teachings. The lasting days include mid-month days and annual festivals such as Nowruz, Sadeh, Mehregan, and Yalda. On these days, followers of the religion celebrate with clean clothes, worship God and angels, and entertain guests. In addition, in Zoroastrianism, there is a sacred day every week called the seventh day (Sunday in the Iranian calendar), which is recognized as the day of God and angels and a symbol of divine light and power. On this day, followers of the religion wear clean clothes, study and examine holy books, and engage in worship and spiritual and physical purification. Religious days in Zoroastrianism are seen as opportunities for spiritual and physical purification and worshiping God and angels, and by doing these actions, followers of the religion get closer to God. In Zoroastrianism, belief in the One God is very important and fundamental. The Zoroastrian God is known as Ahura Mazda or Hormozd, who is recognized as the creator of the world and the divine force. As the One God, he rules over all creatures, and all existences are created by him. In this religion, Ahura Mazda is recognized as the God of light and divine power, who communicates with humans through sending angels to the world. As the creator of the world, he provides direction and order to the world through his laws and regulations, and all creatures are created by him. In this religion, the One God is recognized as the light and divine goodness in the world, and followers of the religion get closer to the One God and purity and light by following religious teachings and avoiding bad deeds and sins. Through following divine laws and regulations, followers of the religion seek to purify themselves spiritually and physically and improve the world. Belief in the One God as the creator of the world and the divine force is very important and fundamental, and followers of the religion strive to follow religious teachings and purify themselves spiritually and physically to get closer to the One God.
Worship is recognized as a very important religious activity in Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism. In this religion, worship is seen as a way of strengthening the relationship between humans and God and the divine forces. Through worship and spiritual and physical purification, humans get closer to God and the divine forces and improve their own situation and the situation of the world. In Zoroastrianism, worship through performing religious rituals and spiritual and physical purification and worshiping God and angels is very important and fundamental. By wearing clean clothes and performing religious rituals, followers of the religion get closer to God and angels and improve their situation and the situation of the world by purifying themselves spiritually and physically. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, worship is seen as a way of strengthening the relationship between humans and God and the divine forces and improving their own situation and the situation of the world. Followers of the religion move towards getting closer to God and angels and improving the situation of the world by following religious teachings, performing religious rituals, and purifying themselves spiritually and physically. The concepts of good and evil are recognized as very important and fundamental in Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism. In this philosophy, good is considered as anything that improves the situation of humans and the world, and evil is considered as anything that does not improve the situation of humans and the world or puts their situation in danger. In Zoroastrianism, good is recognized as a divine force in the world that is opposed to evil, and through following religious teachings and performing good deeds, it brings about the improvement of the situation of humans and the world. On the other hand, evil is recognized as a demonic and bad force in the world that harms the situation of humans and the world through performing bad deeds and sins.
In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, the concepts of good and evil are recognized as important and fundamental in the value and ethical system of the religion. Followers of the religion get closer to God and angels and improve their situation and the situation of the world by following religious teachings and performing good deeds. They also defend themselves and the world by preventing bad deeds and sins and help in preserving and improving the situation of humans and the world. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, spirituality and kingship are two important and fundamental concepts that have an impact on the value and social system of the religion. Spirituality is recognized as a group of individuals who, by following religious teachings, strive to get closer to God and angels and try to lead people towards the improvement of the world with guidance and leadership. In Zoroastrianism, spirituality is recognized as religious officials who guide and lead people based on religious teachings and strive to guide them towards goodness and purity. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, kingship is recognized as a social system that is established with the aim of maintaining order and improving the situation of society. In this system, the king is recognized as the leader and ruler of society, who, with the support of spirituality, strives to improve the situation of society. In this system, the king not only maintains social order but also helps improve the economic and cultural situation of society, thereby contributing to the improvement of the situation of society.
In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, spirituality and kingship are recognized as two important and fundamental concepts in the value and social system of the religion. Followers of the religion help improve the situation of society and humans by following religious teachings and supporting spirituality and kingship, and are guided towards goodness and purity. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, the concept of life after death is recognized as an important and fundamental concept. In this philosophy, life after death is recognized as the continuation of human existence after escaping from the material world of life. Life after death is recognized as the existence of humans in two worlds, the material world and the spiritual world. In this religion, followers of the religion get closer to God and angels by following religious teachings and performing good deeds, and by purifying themselves spiritually and physically, they improve their own situation and the situation of the world. Generally, they move towards the spiritual world by performing good and pure deeds, where they meet God and angels after death. In Iranian philosophy, reference has also been made to life after death. In this philosophy, life after death is recognized as the continuation of human existence in the spiritual world. In this world, after separating from the body, the human soul moves towards God and the spiritual world. In this world, the human soul earns points based on their actions and behavior in the material world, and based on these points, they reach a position in this world. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, life after death is recognized as the continuation of human existence in the spiritual world. Followers of the religion move towards improving their own situation and the situation of the world by following religious teachings and performing good deeds, and in the spiritual world, they meet God and angels and improve their own situation and the situation of the world.
Indeed, in Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, cleanliness and hygiene are recognized as important and fundamental concepts. In this philosophy, cleanliness is considered the most important characteristic of God and angels and is recognized as one of the ethical principles in Zoroastrianism. Hygiene is also emphasized in this religion as the preservation of physical and spiritual health of humans. Cleanliness is considered an essential characteristic of God and angels, as they are believed to be pure and flawless. For this reason, followers of the religion also strive for purity and flawlessness by purifying themselves spiritually and physically. In Zoroastrianism, cleanliness is recognized as one of the ethical principles of the religion, and by performing good deeds and maintaining physical and spiritual hygiene, followers help improve the situation of the world. In addition, hygiene is emphasized in Zoroastrianism as the preservation of physical and spiritual health of humans. Physical hygiene helps maintain health and improve physical well-being by maintaining cleanliness and taking care of the body. Spiritual hygiene, on the other hand, helps improve spiritual well-being and move towards purity and flawlessness by performing good deeds and purifying the soul. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, cleanliness and hygiene are recognized as important and fundamental concepts in the preservation of physical and spiritual health of humans and the improvement of the world. Followers of the religion move towards improving their own situation and the situation of the world by purifying themselves spiritually and physically, and by striving for cleanliness and hygiene of the body and soul. In Iranian philosophy and the Zoroastrian religion, ethics and responsibility are recognized as two fundamental concepts. In this philosophy, performing good deeds and purifying the soul and body are considered ethical principles, and followers of the religion are responsible by adhering to its teachings.
Ethics are recognized as the most fundamental religious principles in this religion. In Zoroastrianism, ethics are understood as a set of principles and rules that, by following them, individuals move towards God and the angels. Ethics in Zoroastrianism help to maintain the physical and spiritual health of humans and improve the state of the world through performing good deeds and purifying oneself. Responsibility is also emphasized in Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism. In this philosophy, each individual is responsible for their actions and the effects they have on the world as a part of it. Followers of the religion respond to their responsibility in the world by purifying their souls and bodies, performing good deeds, and following ethical principles. In Iranian philosophy and Zoroastrianism, ethics and responsibility are recognized as two fundamental concepts for maintaining the physical and spiritual health of humans and improving the state of the world. Followers of the religion respond to their responsibility by adhering to its teachings and moving towards the improvement of the world through performing good deeds and purifying themselves. Zoroastrian philosophy, as one of the oldest and most influential philosophies in Iran, is very important in the establishment of Iranian culture and civilization and its impact on the culture and history of the region. Zoroastrian philosophy is based on the teachings of the Zoroastrian religion. In this philosophy, God is recognized as the creator and sustainer of existence who helps people through the angels in the face of evil. In Zoroastrian philosophy, two opposing forces of good and evil are recognized, which fight in the forest of the world, and humans must help the force of good by performing good deeds and purifying their souls and bodies.
In Zoroastrian philosophy, hygiene and cleanliness are recognized as fundamental principles. Performing good deeds and purifying the soul and body are considered ethical principles, and followers of the religion are responsible by adhering to its teachings. In Zoroastrian philosophy, the soul and body are recognized as two fundamental elements in human existence. The human soul travels to another world after death, and the body, as a part of nature, must be preserved and taken care of. Zoroastrian philosophy, as one of the oldest and most influential philosophies in Iran, focuses on maintaining the physical and spiritual health of humans and improving the state of the world. Followers of the religion respond to their responsibility by adhering to its teachings and moving towards the improvement of the world through performing good deeds and purifying themselves to achieve purity and perfection. The philosophy of the ancients or ancient philosophy refers to a collection of philosophies that developed in ancient times. These philosophies were the first human attempts to understand and interpret nature, the world, and oneself, and played an important role in the establishment of human culture and civilization. Ancient philosophy is divided into two categories: Eastern and Western philosophy. Oriental Philosophy includes Hindu, Chinese, Greek, Iranian, Zoroastrian, and Buddhist philosophies. In these philosophies, concepts such as nature, God, consciousness, ethics, and the search for meaning exist.
Western philosophy, on the other hand, includes Greek, Roman, Christian, and modern philosophy. These philosophies played an important role in the establishment of European and Western civilizations. In these philosophies, concepts such as science, logic, ethics, politics, natural philosophy, and the search for meaning exist. Ancient philosophy has been the first human attempt to understand and interpret the world and oneself, and played an important role in the establishment of human culture and civilization. These philosophies, as a legacy for future generations, are still open to scrutiny and examination and can help us to have a better understanding of the world and ourselves. The philosophy of Mazdakism, as one of the ancient Iranian philosophies, has also been of interest in Iranian philosophy. In Mazdakism, God is recognized as the creator of existence who helps people through the angels in the face of evil. In Mazdakism, the two opposing forces of good and evil are recognized as forces that are in conflict with each other, and humans are expected to help the force of good by performing good deeds and purifying their soul and body. Ethics is also recognized as the most important religious principle in this philosophy, and performing good deeds and purifying the soul and body are considered as ethical principles. In Mazdakism, fire is recognized as a symbol of God and the force of good, and followers of the religion are expected to respect and honor it. Cleanliness and hygiene are also recognized as fundamental principles in this philosophy, and followers of the religion are expected to help improve the condition of the world by purifying their soul and body.
Mazdakism, as one of the oldest and most influential Iranian philosophies, focuses on maintaining the physical and spiritual health of humans and improving the condition of the world. Followers of the religion are responsible for adhering to the religious teachings and by performing good deeds and purifying their soul and body, they can help improve the condition of the world and achieve purity and perfection. Sufi philosophy, as one of the Iranian philosophies, has been influenced by the culture and history of Iran. In Sufi philosophy, God is recognized as the primary source of consciousness and existence, and humans are considered to have the ultimate goal of achieving unity with God through their efforts. In Sufi philosophy, love and devotion are recognized as the primary principles for spiritual development. This love, as true love, is distinct from physical and material love and by striving for unity with God, it provides spiritual development and closeness to the divine. In Sufi philosophy, there are two worlds: the material world and the spiritual world. The material world is the world of possibilities and physical needs that humans must use to move towards the spiritual world. The spiritual world is the world of awareness, spiritual development, and love for God. In Sufi philosophy, humans are recognized as a part of God and performing good and ethical deeds as a duty from humans and closeness to God is emphasized. Additionally, concepts such as perseverance, humility, submission to God, and striving for unity with God are recognized as fundamental principles.
Sufi philosophy, as one of the Iranian philosophies, focuses on striving for unity with God, spiritual development, closeness to God, and performing good and ethical deeds as the main duty of humans. By following the teachings of Sufi philosophy, humans can pursue their spiritual development and move towards closeness to God. The philosophy of the unity of existence, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to a way of thinking that is also known as “the unity of being” or “the oneness of existence”. In this philosophy, existence is recognized as one of the fundamental principles, and it is believed that everything in the world is a part of a single, unified existence. In the philosophy of the unity of existence, God is recognized as a unique existence that exists in everything. Additionally, humans are recognized as a part of God and the unique existence, and the primary goal of human life is to strive for unity with God. Furthermore, in the philosophy of the unity of existence, concepts such as love, patience, submission to God, and striving for unity with God are recognized as fundamental principles. By striving for unity with God, humans can pursue their spiritual development and move towards closeness to God. The philosophy of the unity of existence, as one of the Iranian philosophies, focuses on striving for unity with God, spiritual development, closeness to God, and performing good and ethical deeds as the main duty of humans. By following the teachings of the philosophy of the unity of existence, humans can pursue their spiritual development and move towards closeness to God. The philosophy of creation, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to the interpretation of the phenomenon of creation and the existence of the world. In this philosophy, God is recognized as the creator and foundation of existence, and the world is considered as the result of His creation.
In the philosophy of creation, God is recognized as an infinite and eternal being who has created the world with His power and art. In this philosophy, the world is divided into two parts: the material and the spiritual, both of which are recognized as part of God’s creation. In the philosophy of creation, humans are recognized as part of God’s creation and are present in the world. By striving for closeness to God and following religious commandments, humans can be witnesses to the closeness to God in the world. In the concept of creation, concepts such as humility, submission to God, patience, gratitude, and performing good and ethical deeds are recognized as fundamental principles. Performing these deeds is considered a duty of humans in the world and helps with their spiritual development and progress in the world. The philosophy of creation, as one of the Iranian philosophies, focuses on the interpretation of the phenomenon of creation and the existence of the world, emphasizing the role of God as the creator and foundation of existence. By following the teachings of the philosophy of creation, humans can pursue their spiritual development and move towards closeness to God. The philosophy of humanism, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to a way of thinking that explores and recognizes humans and their existence. In this philosophy, humans are recognized as part of creation and as the highest beings in the world due to their power of thinking and reason. In the philosophy of humanism, humans are seen as beings with will and choice who are present in the world and have responsibilities towards themselves and others. This philosophy emphasizes the pursuit of self-knowledge and spiritual development and emphasizes human will and choices in their progress and development in the world.
In the philosophy of humanism, humans are divided into two dimensions, material and spiritual, both of which are recognized as part of human existence. Spiritual development of humans is achieved through striving for uniformity with God and following religious commandments, and is dependent on human ability to achieve the ultimate goal of life, which is closeness to God. In the concept of humanism, concepts such as love, responsibility, honesty, humility, tolerance, respect for others, and attention to public welfare are recognized as fundamental principles. Performing these deeds is considered a duty of humans in the world and helps with their spiritual development and progress in the world. The philosophy of humanism, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to a way of thinking that explores and recognizes humans and their existence. By following the teachings of the philosophy of humanism, humans can pursue their spiritual development and move towards closeness to God. The philosophy of ethics, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to a way of thinking that examines ethical values and morals. In this philosophy, ethics are recognized as one of the fundamental principles of life and emphasize values such as proper behavior, justice, respect for others, humility, responsibility, and attention to public welfare. In ethical philosophy, humans are considered as members of society and have responsibilities towards others and the community based on the relationships they have with others. In this philosophy, humans can be a useful and responsible member of society by adhering to the ethical and moral values and principles they have set for themselves. Concepts such as humility, submission to God, honesty, justice, attention to public welfare, and respect for others are recognized as fundamental principles in the concept of ethics. By fulfilling these duties as a human being in society, one can help in the spiritual development and progress of humans in society.
In ethical philosophy, humans as part of creation have the responsibility to choose their own actions based on their own will and choices. In this philosophy, humans must choose actions that have the best results for themselves and others, based on the ethical and moral values and principles they have set for themselves. As one of the Iranian philosophies, ethical philosophy refers to a thinking that examines ethics and ethical values. By following the teachings of ethical philosophy, humans can focus on their spiritual development and help towards the improvement and development of society. Political philosophy, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to a thinking that examines concepts such as power, governance, justice, and political values. In this philosophy, the political system is recognized as one of the fundamental principles of society and emphasizes values such as justice, humility, responsibility, and attention to public welfare. In political philosophy, power and governance are recognized as important factors in politics and must be in such a way as to ensure justice and public welfare. In this philosophy, the ruler should be seen as a servant of the people and responsible for the public welfare, and should work towards the development of society based on political and social values. In the concept of politics, concepts such as humility, responsibility, justice, and attention to public welfare are recognized as fundamental principles. Fulfilling these duties as a ruler in society helps in the spiritual development and progress of society. In political philosophy, values such as humility, submission to God, and attention to public welfare are recognized as important principles in the political system. Therefore, the ruler must work towards the improvement and development of society and ensure justice and public welfare based on these values. Political philosophy, as one of the Iranian philosophies, refers to a thinking that examines concepts such as power, governance, justice, and political values. By adhering to the teachings of political philosophy, the ruler can focus on their spiritual development and contribute to the improvement and development of society.
Iranian philosophy is one of the most important and fruitful philosophical subjects in the world, which includes many great and prominent philosophers. Some of these philosophers include:
1. Zoroaster: The founder of the Zoroastrian religion who recorded some ethical and philosophical concepts.
2. Ferdowsi: The great Iranian poet who portrayed ideas about ethics, philosophy, and human values in his epic work, the Shahnameh.
3. Avicenna: A great philosopher, physician, and scientist who discussed concepts such as existence, knowledge, justice, ethics, and power.
4. Khwaja Nasir al-Din Tusi: A philosopher, mathematician, and translator who made important contributions in the fields of logic, philosophy, and mathematics.
These philosophers have provided valuable insights and contributions to various fields of philosophy, including political philosophy, and their works have been studied and revered for centuries.
5. Mulla Sadra: A great philosopher, theologian, and commentator who worked in the fields of philosophy and ethics.
6. Sohrevardi: A philosopher who founded a school of thought in Iranian philosophy known as “Hikmat al-Ishraq” and delves into concepts such as unity, monotheism, and esoteric philosophy.
These philosophers are just a few examples of the prominent figures in Iranian philosophy, and there is a long list of other important and great philosophers that can be mentioned. Iranian philosophy, as one of the most important and fruitful philosophical subjects in the world, has evolved over time into one of the important branches of philosophy. Unlike Western philosophy, which is based on concepts such as epistemology, humanism, and the analytical school of thought, Iranian philosophy is based on concepts and values such as unity, monotheism, and justice. Iranian philosophy has been recorded in a collection of texts and books, including the Shahnameh, the book of Zoroaster, the Mathnawi by Rumi, the works of Avicenna (Ibn Sina), and the commentaries of Mulla Sadra. These texts delve into concepts such as existence, monotheism, justice, ethics, and power. In Iranian philosophy, unity and monotheism are recognized as fundamental principles, and it is believed that everything in the world is interdependent and interconnected. Additionally, ethics and justice are recognized as important principles in society, and there is an emphasis on equality and justice in the distribution of wealth and power. Furthermore, attention to nature and the environment is emphasized, and the importance of protecting the environment and wildlife is recognized. This philosophy focuses on individual and spiritual development, community development, and ensuring justice and public welfare.
Iranian philosophy, as one of the most fruitful philosophies in the world, has delved into concepts such as unity, monotheism, justice, and ethics. This philosophy emphasizes individual and spiritual development, community development, and ensuring justice and public welfare, while also emphasizing attention to nature and the environment.